



PREPARING FOR THE ANALYSIS 3.1 ELMOD INSTALLATION 3.2 PARAMETER AND TEMPERATURE FILES 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 SEASONS MATERIALS LOADSģ.3 FWD RAW DEFLECTION DATA FILES 3.4 PAVEMENT MODEL AND LAYER THICKNESS 3.5 ANNUAL AVERAGE TRAFFIC LOADING 4 ANALYSIS STEPS 4.1 OPEN FWD RAW DATA FILE 4.2 INPUT PAVEMENT STRUCTUREĤ.3 BACKCALCULATE EFFECTIVE MODULI 4.4 ESTIMATE RESIDUAL LIFE 4.5 CHECK RESULTS 4.6 REVIEW DEFLECTION DATA 4.7 REVIEW CUMULATIVE SUM OF DEFLECTIONS 4.8 REVIEW EFFECTIVE MODULI 4.9 REVIEW RESIDUAL LIFE 4.10 REVIEW AND ARCHIVE RESULTS 5 ANALYSING A FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 5.1 OPEN RAW DATA FILE 5.2 INPUT PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 5.3 BACKCALCULATE EFFECTIVE LAYER MODULI 5.4 ESTIMATE RESIDUAL LIFE 5.5 CHECK RESULTS 5.6 REVIEW DEFLECTION DATA 5.7 REVIEW CUMULATIVE DEFLECTIONS 5.8 EDIT PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 5.9 RE-BACKCALCULATE EFFECTIVE LAYER MODULI 5.10 REVIEW EFFECTIVE LAYER MODULI 5.11 REVIEW RESIDUAL LIFE 5.12 REVIEW AND ARCHIVE RESULTS 6 ANALYSING A RIGID PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 6.1 OPEN RAW DATA FILE 6.2 INPUT PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 6.3 BACKCALCULATE EFFECTIVE LAYER MODULI 6.4 ESTIMATE RESIDUAL LIFE 6.5 CHECK RESULTS 6.6 REVIEW CUMULATIVE DEFLECTIONS 6.7 REVIEW EFFECTIVE LAYER MODULI, MODULI OF SUBGRADE REACTIONS AND LOAD TRANSFER 6.8 REVIEW RESIDUAL LIFE 6.9 REVIEW AND ARCHIVE RESULTSģ5 37 37 38 39 40 42 42 43 43 43 44 45 46 49 50 51 53 54 56 58 63 63 63 64 65 66 68 69 72 72 TABLE OF CONTENTS1 2 INTRODUCTION BASIC THEORY 2.1 PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4.5 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 3 TOP LAYER SUB-BASE SUBGRADE BOUSSINESQ'S EQUATIONS ODEMARK'S METHOD OF EQUIVALENT THICKNESS SURFACE MODULUS SUBGRADE NON-LINEARITY ITERATION WESTERGAARD'S EQUATIONS FOR RIGID PAVEMENT LOAD TRANSFER ACROSS JOINT FOR RIGID PAVEMENT SEASON AND TRAFFIC TEMPERATURE EFFECTS MATERIALS LOAD ESTIMATION SECTIONING OF PAVEMENT CUMULATIVE SUMS OF DEFLECTION CHARACTERISTIC DEFLECTION 6 8 8 10 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 21 21 22 22 30 31 31 32 33 33 34Ģ.2 BACKCALCULATION OF PAVEMENT LAYER MODULI GUIDANCE NOTES ON BACKCALCULATION OF LAYER MODULI AND ESTIMATION OF RESIDUAL LIFE USING FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER TEST DATA
